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Home/ATT&CK/Software/S1228
MITRE ATT&CK Malware

PUBLOAD (S1228)

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[PUBLOAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1228) is a stager malware that has been observed installing itself in existing directories such as `C:\Users\Public` or creating new directories to stage the malware and its components.(Citation: 2022 November_TrendMicro_Earth Preta_Toneshell_Pubload) [PUBLOAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1228) malware collects details of the victim host, establishes persistence, encrypts victim details using RC4 and communicates victim details back to C2. [PUBLOAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1228) malware has previously been leveraged by China-affiliated actors identified as [Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129). [PUBLOAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1228) is also known as “NoFive” and some public reporting identifies the loader component as [CLAIMLOADER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1236).(Citation: 2025_IBM_PUBLOAD_TONESHELL_HIUPAN_CLAIMLOADER_MUSTANG PANDA)

Platforms: Windows

▪Techniques implemented (35)

T1105Ingress Tool TransferT1518.001Security Software DiscoveryT1553.002Code Signing

▪Used by groups (1)

G0129Mustang Panda
S1228 on MITRE ATT&CK →
T1033System Owner/User Discovery
T1614.001System Language Discovery
T1001.003Protocol or Service Impersonation
T1053.005Scheduled Task
T1622Debugger Evasion
T1027.015Compression
T1057Process Discovery
T1140Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information
T1071.002File Transfer Protocols
T1016.002Wi-Fi Discovery
T1573.001Symmetric Cryptography
T1574.001DLL
T1016System Network Configuration Discovery
T1480.001Environmental Keying
T1059.003Windows Command Shell
T1027Obfuscated Files or Information
T1547.001Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder
T1106Native API
T1560.001Archive via Utility
T1680Local Storage Discovery
T1518Software Discovery
T1012Query Registry
T1205Traffic Signaling
T1016.001Internet Connection Discovery
T1071.001Web Protocols
T1007System Service Discovery
T1124System Time Discovery
T1049System Network Connections Discovery
T1047Windows Management Instrumentation
T1048.003Exfiltration Over Unencrypted Non-C2 Protocol
T1036.005Match Legitimate Resource Name or Location
T1082System Information Discovery

MITRE ATT&CK® is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation. © 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.