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Home/ATT&CK/Software/S1228
MITRE ATT&CK Malware

PUBLOAD (S1228)

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[PUBLOAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1228) is a stager malware that has been observed installing itself in existing directories such as `C:\Users\Public` or creating new directories to stage the malware and its components.(Citation: 2022 November_TrendMicro_Earth Preta_Toneshell_Pubload) [PUBLOAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1228) malware collects details of the victim host, establishes persistence, encrypts victim details using RC4 and communicates victim details back to C2. [PUBLOAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1228) malware has previously been leveraged by China-affiliated actors identified as [Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129). [PUBLOAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1228) is also known as “NoFive” and some public reporting identifies the loader component as [CLAIMLOADER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1236).(Citation: 2025_IBM_PUBLOAD_TONESHELL_HIUPAN_CLAIMLOADER_MUSTANG PANDA)

Platforms: Windows

▪Techniques implemented (35)

T1105Ingress Tool TransferT1518.001Security Software DiscoveryT1553.002Code SigningT1033System Owner/User DiscoveryT1614.001System Language DiscoveryT1001.003Protocol or Service ImpersonationT1053.005Scheduled TaskT1622Debugger EvasionT1027.015CompressionT1057Process DiscoveryT1140Deobfuscate/Decode Files or InformationT1071.002File Transfer ProtocolsT1016.002Wi-Fi DiscoveryT1573.001Symmetric CryptographyT1574.001DLLT1016System Network Configuration DiscoveryT1480.001Environmental KeyingT1059.003Windows Command ShellT1027Obfuscated Files or InformationT1547.001Registry Run Keys / Startup FolderT1106Native APIT1560.001Archive via UtilityT1680Local Storage DiscoveryT1518Software DiscoveryT1012Query RegistryT1205Traffic SignalingT1016.001Internet Connection DiscoveryT1071.001Web ProtocolsT1007System Service DiscoveryT1124System Time DiscoveryT1049System Network Connections DiscoveryT1047Windows Management InstrumentationT1048.003Exfiltration Over Unencrypted Non-C2 ProtocolT1036.005Match Legitimate Resource Name or LocationT1082System Information Discovery

▪Used by groups (1)

G0129Mustang Panda
S1228on MITRE ATT&CK →

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